*Words of Wisdom From The Elder

Episode 5 of Deep Fried Bytes is out!  This episode is a real cross pollination of technologies whereby we are talking about doing .Net development using a Mac. 

My Show Notes

About five or six years ago I purchased a Mac.  As a long time Unix user I loved it and spent countless hours preaching it’s never ending hotness.  Then I got a job whereby using the right tool for the job was .Net.  My Powerbook wasn’t fast enough to virtualize development of any sort since it only had a G4 processor running at 867MHz.  I did have a virtual machine setup for Windows XP on it but it was so slow it was impossible to even boot up let alone do development with it.  Thus I’ve had to use use a PC for .Net development. 

Fast forward several years later and Apple’s Intel Mac Book Pro line up has the same horse power needed to do what I wanted to do years ago.  Keep my Mac but write .Net code.  Today the game has changed whereby it is possible with virtualization to own a Mac and write .Net software.  Over the past six months I’ve seen more and more .Net developers purchasing Macs.  Even today, Scott Reynolds who was a guest in Episode 3 about Twitter, just got his Mac Book Pro today.  Other developers are natively booting Windows using Boot Camp but purchase the Mac because of the hardware. 

Is this setup for everyone?  No, I don’t think it is.  If you aren’t comfortable using virtualization to develop software then owning a Mac may not be for you.  But if you like developing for .Net and being able to write software for three major platforms using one machine (Windows, OSX, Linux) then this may be something you might want to consider.  At least until OSX can run on standard PC hardware (which isn’t on the radar anytime soon).

This is another one of those “not so typical” shows whereby we are really trying to go deep and find the true pulse of what is going on technology.  I hope you enjoy it.

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News has been floating around that EA/Harmonix/MTV is going to release a new version of their hit Guitar Hero this year entitled……(drum roll)……. (pun intended)…….. Guitar Hero World Tour! (cymbal crash!).  One of the changes is they are adding a drum kit.  Being an avid Rock Band drummer I was happy to hear they are adding crash cymbals to it as shown here.

So what’s not to like?  Personally, and this is just me, I think it is missing an extra tom tom to the right of the green pad.  If they really wanted to provide a real feel to the drum set there should be another tom next to the green pad.  Of course that would give 7 total inputs but still manageable.  Actually thinking about it I’m not even sure why I’m asking for more pads to be placed onto it, I can’t play a lot of songs on expert now as it is!

I just hope they make the bass pedal more resilient so it doesn’t break like Rock Band’s.  I hope to be standing in line to pickup the latest version when it hits the shelves.

Yesterday I was working at the computer and I got this random message from someone I didn’t recognize.  I publish my instant message and email on the Internet freely for the very reason so people can find me and contact me.  It is not unusual to have someone ping me asking for help or a friend trying to get back in touch.  I politely said hello and do I know you.  They said no they just wanted to chat.  I politely explained if we didn’t know each other I didn’t have an interest.  They said good bye and we went our separate ways.  Tonight, as a matter of fact a few minutes ago I was about to head to bed.  This same person pinged me via AIM (AOL instant messenger)  again tonight.  But this time they started throwing around four letter words and being extremely hostile.  I have no idea how old this person is but I deduced deducted by their lack of typing and spelling skills they were a first grader.  I captured the entire conversation in a screen shot.  I grayed out the first graders explicit words as to not offend anyone. Lord knows I’ve been offended enough tonight.

Here’s the conversation.  For the record my handle is in red.  The words grayed out rhyme with duck but have various spellings and combinations of duk, ducu, and duku.

I don’t even know what to say at this point except this person is an idiot and his/her parents should ground them for life.  It is ridiculous that someone feels they can hide behind a keyboard and say anything they want.  It just shows how ruthless and careless the human race can be and how far they will go if there are no boundaries in place. 

It has been about a year or more since Kevin asked me to come speak at the Gulf Coast .Net Users Group and I am happy to report that I will be there with bells on Thursday July 17th!  It took us a while to get things in order but I’m looking forward to traveling down.  The drive isn’t that far and let’s face it, who doesn’t love a peaceful drive down the coast looking at sandy beaches and ocean water!?

That Thursday night I’ll be speaking on Windows Communication Foundation entitled “Demystifying Windows Communication Foundation”.  I may throw in a little Workflow Foundation love if time permits to show how WCF and WF are friends now within .Net 3.5. 

After the talk on Thursday, Kevin has promised to take me and Mrs. Dr. Elder deep sea fishing.  It is going to be a fun trip and I look forward to speaking in a new location and meeting some new people.  It has been too long since I’ve been to the Destin, FL area.  The last time I was in the area we went to the jazz festival in Pensacola.  I got so sun burned I spent 2 days sick in my dorm room after getting back. 

The Freedom of Virtualization

For awhile now I have been enjoying the freedom of developing with virtual machines.  The biggest advantage it has given me lately is the freedom to do whatever I want to the laptop I use as a workstation.  What I mean by that is I don’t even blink twice if I want to try a new operating system anymore.  Maybe I want to run a version of Debian Linux or Ubuntu to keep my Unix skills polished up.   Or maybe I want to try running a 64bit version of Windows Server as my main operating system to see if all of my hardware works.  To consider doing this previously without virtualization would be almost unthinkable because of the amount of time it would take to get everything back up and running. 

All of this freedom of choice is made possible through virtualization, specifically with VMWare Workstation.  VMware runs on a variety of operating systems including Windows, Linux and Mac.  Once my operating system is installed along with the needed vitalization tools I can literally go back to work by just starting up a virtual machine where all of my tools are stored.  Compared to setting up a full blown development machine this is huge.  Not only that but virtualization allows developers like myself to try out alphas, CTPs, betas and more without harming the main development operating system.  This ability to test software is made possible through cloning and what is called snapshots within VMWare. 

I’m writing this article about virtualization for two reasons.  One because I’ve spent a lot of time tweaking my setup and I wanted to document it.  And two, I know there are others that can benefit from this information as well.  In this article I’m going to cover setting up a VM (virtual machine) from scratch.  Then how to configure the operating system specifically for development in VMWare.  The purpose of this setup is to configure Windows Server 2008 as a development platform using VMWare.  Let’s get going!

Creating Your Base Virtual Machine

When starting from scratch I always create what I call a base virtual machine (VM).  This VM serves as my base image for all of my needs and will be re-used for various setups.  There are few things you need to keep in mind when you create a base image.  I’ll mark these as we go along in the screen shots below.  For posterity sakes, note that I’m using VMWare Workstation 6. 

Once VMWare Workstation is installed click File->New Virtual Machine.

Although VMWare supports Server 2008 as “experimental” I’ve found that choosing Windows Vista works just as well.  Once 2008 support is fully supported in a future release of Workstation this will not be hard to change.

You’ll notice below that I’m storing this VM on the F:\ drive not the C:\ drive.  To really get performance out of your virtual machines you need to separate them onto a different spindle or disk.  I use an external Western Digital 500GB MyBook which has a 7200RPM hard drive.  When I travel I sync my virtual machines with my portable 250GB passport drive.  This allows me to use a faster disk when I’m in the office which provides more speed and also provides a backup of the virtual machines. 

I have 4GBs of memory in my laptop of which 3.3GB is really accessible.  While I could give the VM 2GB of memory, I find that sticking between 1-1.5GB of memory seems to be the sweet spot.  If you use too much it slows the host machine down.

For networking I use bridge networking for some VMs and NAT for others.  As you’ll see later on I will create two different setups from this base image.  One will be for work, the other for presentations and speaking.  For work I use a bridge network since this allows me to separate the VPN connection from my host machine completely.  While I’m at home this allows me to access my local area network from my host machine (printers, home server, file storage, backups, etc).  For the other VM I use NAT.

Doing some reading and research the LSI Logic I/O adapter is supposedly the faster choice for SCSI adapters.

Disk capacity is something you really need to think about before setting this option.  I made the mistake of setting up a complete VM environment only to realize I needed more space.  While virtual machines can be resized using the disk manager utility, they cannot be resized if there are clones or snapshots tied to the VM.  For me this meant I had to blow away a lot of my work and go back to my base images (which is another reason why I do full cloning to start with as you’ll see later on). 

You’ll notice I didn’t choose “Allocate all disk space now”.  Essentially what this does is it reserves all of your hard drive space for your VM.  Think of it like formatting your VM image files.  As noted there is a performance gain.  However, this also means you are going to take up as much disk space as you enter in the field below.  In my case if this was checked, I’d eat up 50GB of disk space on the drive.  Not fun, especially when cloning full images (50GB + 50GB + 50GB).  Thus I do not check this option. I do however split the files into 2GB files.  The main reason is for defragmentation.  If you have one large image file you need twice the amount of space to defrag it.  With 2GB files you’ll only need an additional 2GB of space.

That’s my notes or tips for setting up a base virtual machine.  After the virtual machine is setup be sure to check your settings and configure your monitors and other peripherals.

Setting Up Windows Server 2008 for VMWare Workstation

Once you get your settings tweaked launch the VM and get the Windows startup started.  I like using server as my development operating system (OS) because it is tuned for speed unlike Vista.  There is a big difference in developing on Vista and Server 2008.  Even comparing XP and Server 2003 there was a huge speed difference.  A lot of things are turned off in server that are enabled in Vista and this is what contributes to its speed.  This setup will walk through how to configure Server as a workstation along with some specific VMWare things you need to do as well. 

Once the operating system is installed, follow these simple steps to prepare the image.

Step 1 – Tools

The very first thing you need to do after the OS boots up is install VMWare Tools.  This will provide drivers for the OS to run smoother and help you keep your sanity.  Things like the mouse jumping around randomly for no apparent reason will be fixed once this is installed.  After installed, reboot.

Step 2 – Updates

Check for updates.  This is pretty much something you need to do on any operating system you install.   Install the updates and reboot. Note: at the time of this article there are 9 updates for Server 2008.

Step 3 – Time Zone

 

Using the “Initial Configuration Tasks” screen which should be on the screen after the reboot there are a few things you need to do.  For starters check your time zone.  Review the other options while you are in there and make sure your computer name is setup the way you want and other things.

Step 4 – Shutdown Tracker

If you are familiar with Server you know it annoyingly asks you why it was restarted after it reboots.  While this might be handy for *real* servers for a workstation used for development it is just annoying.  To disable this open Start->Run->gpedit.msc.  Find the “Display Shutdown Event Tracker” as shown below, right click properties and disable it. 

Step 5 – IE Security

In order to use Server 2008 as a workstation within your VM you will need to remove the baked in security settings for IE.  From within Server Manager as show here select “Configure IE ESC”.

Set both settings to OFF.

Reboot.

Step 6 – Features

Within Server Manager you will also need to enable all the features you want. 

Here are the options I enable since I know this image is going to be primarily used for .Net development.

• .NET Framework 3.0
• Desktop Experience – This includes eye candy features from Vista as well as allows you to support the Vista Themes (we’ll enable this later on).
• Remote Assistance
• Powershell
• Windows Process Activation Service

In the next screen you’ll be asked to configure IIS.  I always select a  minimal setup but feel free to select what you know you will need.

Restart to complete installation.

Step 7 – Roles

In order to get fast file searching and other features you’ll need to turn on the role for File Services as shown here.

Since this is running in a VM depending on your usage you *could* leave this off.  I am basically going to be working day in and day out from this image so having the ability to search and find emails and files quickly is important.

Step 7 – Registry Settings (optional)

Open the registry editor by doing Start->Run->regedit

Add the following keys:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management\PrefetchParameters

Add a new DWORD by the name of EnablePrefetcher and assign is the value of 3
Add a new DWORD by the name of EnableSuperfetch and assign is the value of 3

What does this do?  It enables Windows to learn which programs you use so it can pre-load those applications before you run then.  It is a feature that was added in Vista.  You can also skip this step if you feel there is no value in this feature but it is *suppose* to speed things up down the road.

Step 8 – Services

There are several services we need to enable to get Server 2008 to behave more like a workstation.  These are disabled by default.

Within Server Manager select Configuration->Services.  Or you can do Start->Run-Services.msc. 

Enable the following services:

1. Themes
2. SuperFetch (only if you enabled the registry setting above)
3. Windows Audio
4. Windows Audio Endpoint Builder

Step 9 (optional) – Make it pretty

Totally optional and something you may or may not want to enable since this is running in a VM.  I’ve found that things are still pretty snappy but you may want to see how your mileage varies.  Right click on the desktop and select Theme.  Choose the Vista Theme in the drop down to get a Vista look and feel for your virtual machine.

Before:

After:

Step 10 – Setup Sound

When you install Server 2008 you’ll notice that sound doesn’t work.  Vista does the same thing so this will work in either case.  In order to get sound to work you have to install the Creative Labs PCI sound driver.  It is a pita to find so I am attaching it to this article so I can easily find it down the road as well as to ease your setup pains.

Step 11 – Activate Windows

We are going to be in the control panel tweaking some things next.  While we are here, go ahead and activate Windows.  Nothing is worse than forgetting to do this, then having to do it on every clone or snapshot down the line as you build up your VMs.

Note:  If you are using a MSDN License, you will get a DNS error code while trying to activate after installing Windows.  This is because you need to change the product key and enter your *real* product key.

Step 12 – Performance Settings

Adjust the processor scheduling which is in Control Panel->System->Advanced Settings->Advanced.

In the next tab, turn on DEP.

Step 13 – Defragment

In order to make this the fastest VM we can, we need to defrag the drive.  Defragmenting the VM is the key to keeping things fast. 

 

After I install a big product like Office, or Visual Studio I defrag the drive.  Also remember to defrag the drive the virtual machine is running from!  The more you defrag, the more performance you’ll get out of your VMs.

Step 14 – VM Optimizations

I’m not a VMWare expert but there are a few things I have found out that work well.  For one since I/O is important because the VMs will be run from an external drive, I disable page sharing.  Add this line to your .VMX configuration file.

sched.mem.pshare.enable = “FALSE”

Another option is memory trimming which doesn’t eat up host memory and then give it back when it needs it.

MemTrimRate = 0

Step 15 – Setup Your User Account

We’ve been logged into the VM as Administrator up until this point.  We need to create an account that we will use to login with and do work.  We want to create this account now because we want to set our desktop settings once and then each VM we clone from this base image we’ll already have everything setup.  Create your account in the control panel, I suggest setting the account as an administrator.  Once the account is created, log out of the administrator account and then setup that account.

Step 16 – Shrink Disk

Before moving forward we need to shrink our VM disk.  This reclaims unused space on the drive.  Note, we cannot shrink a disk if it has been cloned or has a snapshot.  We also can’t shrink a disk that has been pre-allocated.  If you followed the steps up to this point, none of this should be a concern.  There are several steps.  The first is VMWare tools prepares the image and then the second is where Workstation performs the actual shrinking.  Remember to defrag everything first!

To shrink the disk go into Control Panel->VMWare Tools.  Select the shrink tab and press the “Prepare to shrink” button.  Then wait.

Once this process finishes you will be prompted with this dialog.  Click yes to begin the process.

At this point we have a clean VM image to build other virtual machines from.  It has all the updates applied to it, is configured for workstation use, is defragged and has been shrunk.  The only thing in this virtual machine is the operating system.  This is what I call the base image.  Note:  My base image is 6.1GB after it has been shrunk.

Step 17 – Create Full Clone

Now that you have this image setup.  Create a full clone of it.  Using the clone, add your development tools like Visual Studio, SQL Server, etc.

UPnP Tip

If you are running Server 2008 on a private network and want to connect to UPnP devices and see them via network discovery then see this post which enables that.

 

Strategy For Cloning Virtual Machines

Once I get through the process above I split this base image off into two full clones.  It takes a long time to get this base image setup thus it isn’t something one wants to repeat often.  By using  a feature of VMWare Workstation called cloning we can create an exact clone of this base image to build other images. 

What I do is create two full clones of this base image.  I use one for work since it has to be bound to the domain.  The other I use for installing various pieces of software for personal use and for speaking engagements. 

For the VM at work I create one called work base.  This image will serve as my base image that I will install VPN software, Office 2007 and a few other utilities needed for work.  Once I get this image setup I create another clone of it that is a linked clone.  In this clone I install all of my development tools.  This gives me a hard restore / starting point where I can install or test software without development tools.  The reason I do all of this is it allows me to go back to points in time and try something different out without having to build everything from scratch.  For example let’s say a new version of Visual Studio comes out I need to test or something like that.  To play with that type of software it is important to start from a fairly clean machine.  Here is a chart I put together to show how I layout my virtual machines.

You’ll notice there are no snapshots listed above (another feature VMWare supports).  Snapshots are really meant for temporary use, not to run for long periods of time.  This setup gives me really good flexibility.  At least to the point to where I haven’t needed to alter it much at all.  That’s pretty much it.  Once this setup is done I don’t touch the “Server Base” image except to start it up occasionally to apply updates.  The only thing I use it for moving forward is for cloning so I have an optimized image to start with no matter the scenario.

I hope this helps someone out.  I know I wish I’d had something like this to refer to when I started out playing with virtualization images for development.  As I find new tricks or things I’m sure I’ll update this over time thus I consider this article a moving target.  One thing that is for sure is the way you do things today will not be the way you do things tomorrow.  If you haven’t explored virtualizing your development give it a try.  Here are some Words of Wisdom ‘ll leave you with:

“When you virtualize your development or main body of work, it doesn’t matter which operating system you run to host it.” – The Elder